Cognitive biases

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. These biases often result from the brain's attempt to simplify information processing, leading to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, or illogical interpretation. Common examples include confirmation bias, where people favor information that confirms their preexisting beliefs, and availability heuristic, where people overestimate the importance of information that is readily available to them.

Common Cognitive Biases

Here is a list of some common cognitive biases along with a brief description of each:

1. Confirmation Bias: Tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.
2. Anchoring Bias: Relying heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the "anchor") when making decisions.
3. Availability Heuristic: Overestimating the importance of information that is most readily available.
4. Hindsight Bias: Believing, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome.
5. Self-Serving Bias: Attributing positive events to one's own character but attributing negative events to external factors.
6. Fundamental Attribution Error: Overemphasizing personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while underemphasizing situational explanations.
7. Ingroup Bias: Favoring members of one's own group over those in other groups.
8. Negativity Bias: Giving more weight to negative experiences or information than positive ones.
9. Optimism Bias: Believing that one is less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others.
10. Status Quo Bias: Preferring things to stay the same rather than change.
11. Sunk Cost Fallacy: Continuing a behavior or endeavor as a result of previously invested resources (time, money, or effort).
12. Gambler's Fallacy: Believing that future probabilities are influenced by past events, even when the events are independent.
13. Dunning-Kruger Effect: When people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability.
14. Bandwagon Effect: Adopting beliefs or behaviors because many others do.
15. Halo Effect: The tendency for positive impressions of a person in one area to positively influence one's opinion in other areas.
16. Horn Effect: The tendency for negative impressions of a person in one area to negatively influence one's opinion in other areas.
17. False Consensus Effect: Overestimating how much others agree with one's own beliefs or behaviors.
18. Placebo Effect: Experiencing a real improvement in condition due to believing in the efficacy of a treatment that is actually inert.
19. Recency Effect: Remembering and giving more importance to the most recent information over older information.
20. Primacy Effect: Remembering and giving more importance to the first information received over information received later.
21. Framing Effect: Reacting differently to the same information depending on how it is presented.
22. Loss Aversion: Preferring to avoid losses rather than acquiring equivalent gains.
23. Overconfidence Bias: Having excessive confidence in one's own answers, judgments, or abilities.
24. Survivorship Bias: Focusing on the successes and ignoring the failures, leading to a distorted view of reality.
25. Actor-Observer Bias: Attributing one's own actions to situational factors while attributing others' actions to their character.
26. Choice-Supportive Bias: Remembering one's choices as better than they actually were.
27. Illusory Correlation: Perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
28. Planning Fallacy: Underestimating the time, costs, and risks of future actions and overestimating the benefits.
29. Just-World Hypothesis: Believing that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.
30. Base Rate Fallacy: Ignoring statistical information in favor of specific information.

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